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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Spratelloididae (Small round herrings)
Etymology: Spratelloides: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bennett.
Taxonomic Remarks
The species in the genera Spratelloides Bleeker, 1851 and Jenkinsia Jordan & Evermann, 1896 should most probably be assigned to a separated family from Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae (Lavoué, pers. comm., July 2013). See a preliminary analysis in Lavoué et al. (2013: Ref. 93878).
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). Tropical; 40°N - 29°S, 29°E - 143°W (Ref. 188)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Society Islands (but not the Tuamoto and Marquesas islands), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Single specimen from eastern Mediterranean (Tel-Aviv, Israel).
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 17.8 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 137577)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 11 - 13; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 10 - 11. No bright silver along band flanks, maxilla toothless; pre-maxillae triangular, 2 supra-maxillae, second supra-maxilla paddle-shaped and symmetrical; vertical striate on scales meeting at center, posterior margin of scales smooth, pre-dorsal scales 8 to 13; W-shaped pelvic scute, few branchiostegal rays (6 or 7).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Pelagic (Ref. 68964). Usually an inshore schooling species, inhabiting relatively clear coastal waters, lagoons, and along reef margins. Feeds near surface on plankton. Found in large schools (Ref. 9710). Pelagic (Ref. 58302). Marketed fresh or dried-salted (Ref. 5213) and used as tuna baitfish.
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Köder: usually
Tools
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1228 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5664 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00289 - 0.00793), b=3.17 (3.03 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (K=2.7-12.2; Fec=524; tm=0.14).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 347 [102, 2,847] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.15, 18.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [16.9, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.179 [0.029, 1.111] g/100g; Selenium = 223 [24, 1,690] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19 [2, 208] μg/100g; Zinc = 6.8 [2.2, 18.3] mg/100g (wet weight);
