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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Rüppell.
Taxonomic Remarks
Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) is a valid species (Ref. 128293).
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 30°E - 170°W (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to northern Madagascar and the Bay of Bengal; southern Japan and northern coast of Australia to the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 6.2, range 5 - 6.7 cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 48635); common length : 7.5 cm NG jantan/; (Ref. 27550); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 1.70 Tahun (Ref. 2178)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 14 - 16. Belly rounded with 4 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays only. Anal fin short. In life, a distinct blue upper edge to its lateral stripe and a dull silver or grey band on flank, the back beige.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
A schooling species found inshore, but also inhabits deep bays under oceanic influence. Rarely enter mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Probably feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (e.g., copepods, Ref. 8591). Eggs are oval, without a knob at one end. Eggs occur intermittently in the lower reaches of mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Utilized mostly for bait, but also for human consumption as dried fish or fermented sauce (Ref. 9987).
Hata, H. and H. Motomura, 2016. Validity of Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) and redescription of Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell 1837), a senior synonym of Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley 1940) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 64(1):18-28. (Ref. 128293)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; umpan: usually
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 24.2 - 28.8, mean 27.9 °C (based on 375 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00482 - 0.00656), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.80-4.09; tm=0.36-0.98).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 192 [48, 627] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.53, 3.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.082, 0.508] g/100g; Selenium = 66.7 [20.9, 229.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [5.5, 148.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [0.9, 4.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
