Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Hypolophinae
Etymology: Pastinachus: Latin, pastinaca = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
Taxonomic Remarks
This species which is similar to Pastinachus ater, an Indo-West Pacific species, is found only in Northwestern Indian Ocean. Erroneous information will be deleted.
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный ассоциированный с рифами; амфидромный (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 0 - 60 m (Ref. 6871). Tropical
Northwestern Indian Ocean: Red Sea to Pakistan.
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 98.0, range 96 - 100 cm
Max length : 183 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 37816); common length : 65.0 cm WD самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 27550)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0. A large, plain, dark stingray with an angular snout and pectoral disc; tail long and broad-based, less than twice body length, and with no upper caudal finfold but with high lower caudal finfold- 2 to 3 times depth of tail but not reaching tail tip; no large thorns; 1 or 2 long stings on tail, further behind tail base than in most stingrays; unique hexagonal, high-crowned teeth (Ref. 5578). Dark brown or black dorsally without conspicuous markings, white ventrally (Ref. 5578). Tail black (Ref. 3263).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Found in lagoons, reef flats, and reef faces (Ref. 12951). Also in rivers far from the sea (Ref. 5578). Feeds on bony fishes, worms, shrimp, and crabs (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Adults are sometimes accompanied by remoras or members of the trevally family (Ref. 6871). Size at birth about 18 cm WD or larger (Ref. 6871). Flesh utilized as food and skin used for polishing wood (Ref. 4832). Possibly caught by sports anglers (Ref. 5578). Recently there is a targeted fishery on this species for its skin, which is used as 'shagreen' in fashion accessories, from wallets to fancy pens; as a result, the species is in danger of disappearance (IHT 26.11.2005, p.5). Maximum length about 300 cm TL (Ref. 30573).
Жизненный цикл и брачное поведение
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Плодовитость | личинки
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at birth ~ 18 cm WD (Ref.58048).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Venomous
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквариум: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Предпочтительная температура (ссылка
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1694 cells).
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Трофический уровень (ссылка
69278): 3.7 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (Assuming Fec<10).
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Питательные вещества (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.51 [1.64, 34.97] mg/100g; Iron = 0.364 [0.085, 0.964] mg/100g; Protein = 22.9 [19.9, 26.0] %; Omega3 = 0.102 [0.029, 0.298] g/100g; Selenium = 31.4 [9.0, 84.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [12, 99] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.851 [0.416, 1.706] mg/100g (wet weight);
